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Nobel Prize Award Winners

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.

In the month of September, the respective Nobel Committees send invitations to thousands of qualified individuals to submit names of candidates for the following year. Around 200-300 names are submitted since the same candidate can be nominated by several persons. The names of the nominees cannot be revealed until 50 years later.
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1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984
1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008

Year Prize Winner Available Books
2008 Physics Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa   n/a 
2008 Peace Martti Ahtisaari   n/a 
2008 Medicine Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier   n/a 
2008 Literature Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio   click here 
2008 Economics Paul Krugman   n/a 
2008 Chemistry Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien   n/a 
2007 Literature Doris Lessing   click here 
2007 Medicine Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies   n/a 
2007 Physics Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg   n/a 
2007 Chemistry Gerhard Ertl   n/a 
2007 Peace Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Al Gore   click here 
2007 Economics Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson   n/a 
2006 Literature Orhan Pamuk   n/a 
2006 Physics John C. Mather, George F. Smoot   n/a 
2006 Chemistry Roger D. Kornberg   n/a 
2006 Peace Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank   click here 
2006 Medicine Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello   n/a 
2006 Economics Edmund S. Phelps   n/a 
2005 Literature Harold Pinter   click here 
2005 Physics Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch   n/a 
2005 Chemistry Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock   n/a 
2005 Peace International Atomic Energy Agency, Mohamed ElBaradei   n/a 
2005 Medicine Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren   n/a 
2005 Economics Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling   n/a 
2004 Literature Elfriede Jelinek   n/a 
2004 Physics David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek   click here 
2004 Chemistry Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose   n/a 
2004 Peace Wangari Maathai   n/a 
2004 Medicine Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck   n/a 
2004 Economics Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott   n/a 
2003 Literature J.M. Coetzee   click here 
2003 Physics Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett   n/a 
2003 Chemistry Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon   n/a 
2003 Peace Shirin Ebadi   click here 
2003 Medicine Paul Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield   n/a 
2003 Economics Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger   n/a 
2002 Literature Imre Kertész   n/a 
2002 Physics Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi   n/a 
2002 Chemistry John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich   n/a 
2002 Peace Jimmy Carter   click here 
2002 Medicine Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston   n/a 
2002 Economics Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith   n/a 
2001 Literature V.S. Naipaul   click here 
2001 Physics Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman   n/a 
2001 Chemistry William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless   n/a 
2001 Peace United Nations, Kofi Annan   click here 
2001 Medicine Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy (Tim) Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse   n/a 
2001 Economics George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz   n/a 
2000 Literature Gao Xingjian   click here 
2000 Physics Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby   n/a 
2000 Chemistry Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa   n/a 
2000 Peace Kim Dae-jung   n/a 
2000 Medicine Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel   n/a 
2000 Economics James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden   n/a 
1999 Literature Günter Grass   click here 
1999 Physics Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman   n/a 
1999 Chemistry Ahmed Zewail   n/a 
1999 Peace Médecins Sans Frontières   n/a 
1999 Medicine Günter Blobel   n/a 
1999 Economics Robert A. Mundell   n/a 
1998 Literature José Saramago   n/a 
1998 Physics Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui   n/a 
1998 Chemistry Walter Kohn, John Pople   n/a 
1998 Peace John Hume, David Trimble   n/a 
1998 Medicine Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad   n/a 
1998 Economics Amartya Sen   n/a 
1997 Literature Dario Fo   n/a 
1997 Physics Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips   n/a 
1997 Chemistry Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou   n/a 
1997 Peace International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Jody Williams   n/a 
1997 Medicine Stanley B. Prusiner   n/a 
1997 Economics Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Scholes   n/a 
1996 Literature Wislawa Szymborska   n/a 
1996 Physics David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson   n/a 
1996 Chemistry Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley   n/a 
1996 Peace Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos-Horta   n/a 
1996 Medicine Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel   n/a 
1996 Economics James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey   n/a 
1995 Literature Seamus Heaney   n/a 
1995 Physics Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines   n/a 
1995 Chemistry Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland   n/a 
1995 Peace Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs   n/a 
1995 Medicine Edward B. Lewis, Christiane N   n/a 
1995 Economics Robert E. Lucas Jr.   n/a 
1994 Literature Kenzaburo Oe   n/a 
1994 Physics Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull   n/a 
1994 Chemistry George A. Olah   n/a 
1994 Peace Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin   n/a 
1994 Medicine Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell   n/a 
1994 Economics John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten   n/a 
1993 Literature Toni Morrison   click here 
1993 Physics Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.   n/a 
1993 Chemistry Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith   n/a 
1993 Peace Nelson Mandela, F.W. de Klerk   n/a 
1993 Medicine Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp   n/a 
1993 Economics Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North   n/a 
1992 Literature Derek Walcott   n/a 
1992 Physics Georges Charpak   n/a 
1992 Chemistry Rudolph A. Marcus   n/a 
1992 Peace Rigoberta Menchú Tum   n/a 
1992 Medicine Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs   n/a 
1992 Economics Gary S. Becker   n/a 
1991 Literature Nadine Gordimer   click here 
1991 Physics Pierre-Gilles de Gennes   n/a 
1991 Chemistry Richard R. Ernst   n/a 
1991 Peace Aung San Suu Kyi   n/a 
1991 Medicine Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann   n/a 
1991 Economics Ronald H. Coase   n/a 
1990 Literature Octavio Paz   n/a 
1990 Physics Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor   n/a 
1990 Chemistry Elias James Corey   n/a 
1990 Peace Mikhail Gorbachev   click here 
1990 Medicine Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas   n/a 
1990 Economics Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe   n/a 
1989 Literature Camilo José Cela   n/a 
1989 Physics Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul   n/a 
1989 Chemistry Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech   n/a 
1989 Peace The 14th Dalai Lama   n/a 
1989 Medicine J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus   n/a 
1989 Economics Trygve Haavelmo   n/a 
1988 Literature Naguib Mahfouz   n/a 
1988 Physics Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger   n/a 
1988 Chemistry Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel   n/a 
1988 Peace United Nations Peacekeeping Forces   n/a 
1988 Medicine Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings   n/a 
1988 Economics Maurice Allais   n/a 
1987 Literature Joseph Brodsky   n/a 
1987 Physics J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller   n/a 
1987 Chemistry Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen   n/a 
1987 Peace Oscar Arias Sánchez   n/a 
1987 Medicine Susumu Tonegawa   n/a 
1987 Economics Robert M. Solow   n/a 
1986 Literature Wole Soyinka   n/a 
1986 Physics Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer   n/a 
1986 Chemistry Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi   n/a 
1986 Peace Elie Wiesel   click here 
1986 Medicine Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini   n/a 
1986 Economics James M. Buchanan Jr.   n/a 
1985 Literature Claude Simon   n/a 
1985 Physics Klaus von Klitzing   n/a 
1985 Chemistry Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle   n/a 
1985 Peace International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War   n/a 
1985 Medicine Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein   click here 
1985 Economics Franco Modigliani   n/a 
1984 Economics Richard Stone   n/a 
1984 Literature Jaroslav Seifert   n/a 
1984 Physics Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer   n/a 
1984 Chemistry Bruce Merrifield   n/a 
1984 Peace Desmond Tutu   click here 
1984 Medicine Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. K   n/a 
1983 Economics Gerard Debreu   n/a 
1983 Literature William Golding   n/a 
1983 Physics Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler   n/a 
1983 Chemistry Henry Taube   n/a 
1983 Peace Lech Walesa   n/a 
1983 Medicine Barbara McClintock   click here 
1982 Economics George J. Stigler   n/a 
1982 Literature Gabriel García Márquez   click here 
1982 Physics Kenneth G. Wilson   n/a 
1982 Chemistry Aaron Klug   n/a 
1982 Peace Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles   n/a 
1982 Medicine Sune Bergstr   n/a 
1981 Economics James Tobin   click here 
1981 Literature Elias Canetti   n/a 
1981 Physics Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn   n/a 
1981 Chemistry Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann   n/a 
1981 Peace Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees   n/a 
1981 Medicine Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel   n/a 
1980 Economics Lawrence R. Klein   n/a 
1980 Literature Czeslaw Milosz   n/a 
1980 Physics James Cronin, Val Fitch   n/a 
1980 Chemistry Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger   n/a 
1980 Peace Adolfo Pérez Esquivel   n/a 
1980 Medicine Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell   n/a 
1979 Economics Theodore W. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis   n/a 
1979 Literature Odysseus Elytis   n/a 
1979 Physics Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg   n/a 
1979 Chemistry Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig   n/a 
1979 Peace Mother Teresa   n/a 
1979 Medicine Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield   n/a 
1978 Economics Herbert A. Simon   n/a 
1978 Literature Isaac Bashevis Singer   click here 
1978 Physics Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson   n/a 
1978 Chemistry Peter Mitchell   n/a 
1978 Peace Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin   n/a 
1978 Medicine Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith   n/a 
1977 Economics Bertil Ohlin, James E. Meade   n/a 
1977 Literature Vicente Aleixandre   n/a 
1977 Physics Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck   n/a 
1977 Chemistry Ilya Prigogine   n/a 
1977 Peace Amnesty International   n/a 
1977 Medicine Roger Guillemin, Andrew Viktor Schally, Rosalyn Yalow   n/a 
1976 Economics Milton Friedman   n/a 
1976 Literature Saul Bellow   click here 
1976 Physics Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting   n/a 
1976 Chemistry William Lipscomb   n/a 
1976 Peace Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan   n/a 
1976 Medicine Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek   n/a 
1975 Economics Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans   n/a 
1975 Literature Eugenio Montale   n/a 
1975 Physics Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, James Rainwater   n/a 
1975 Chemistry John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog   n/a 
1975 Peace Andrei Sakharov   n/a 
1975 Medicine David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin   n/a 
1974 Economics Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek   n/a 
1974 Literature Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson   n/a 
1974 Physics Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish   n/a 
1974 Chemistry Paul J. Flory   n/a 
1974 Peace Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato   n/a 
1974 Medicine Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade   n/a 
1973 Economics Wassily Leontief   click here 
1973 Literature Patrick White   n/a 
1973 Physics Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson   n/a 
1973 Chemistry Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson   n/a 
1973 Peace Henry Kissinger, Le Duc Tho   click here 
1973 Medicine Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen   n/a 
1972 Economics John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrow   n/a 
1972 Literature Heinrich Böll   n/a 
1972 Physics John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, Robert Schrieffer   n/a 
1972 Chemistry Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein   n/a 
1972 Medicine Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter   n/a 
1971 Economics Simon Kuznets   n/a 
1971 Literature Pablo Neruda   n/a 
1971 Physics Dennis Gabor   n/a 
1971 Chemistry Gerhard Herzberg   n/a 
1971 Peace Willy Brandt   n/a 
1971 Medicine Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.   n/a 
1970 Economics Paul A. Samuelson   n/a 
1970 Literature Alexandr Solzhenitsyn   n/a 
1970 Physics Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel   n/a 
1970 Chemistry Luis Leloir   n/a 
1970 Peace Norman Borlaug   n/a 
1970 Medicine Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod   n/a 
1969 Economics Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen   n/a 
1969 Literature Samuel Beckett   n/a 
1969 Physics Murray Gell-Mann   n/a 
1969 Chemistry Derek Barton, Odd Hassel   n/a 
1969 Peace International Labour Organization   n/a 
1969 Medicine Max Delbr   n/a 
1968 Literature Yasunari Kawabata   n/a 
1968 Physics Luis Alvarez   n/a 
1968 Chemistry Lars Onsager   n/a 
1968 Peace René Cassin   n/a 
1968 Medicine Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg   n/a 
1967 Literature Miguel Angel Asturias   n/a 
1967 Physics Hans Bethe   n/a 
1967 Chemistry Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter   n/a 
1967 Medicine Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald   n/a 
1966 Literature Samuel Agnon, Nelly Sachs   n/a 
1966 Physics Alfred Kastler   n/a 
1966 Chemistry Robert S. Mulliken   n/a 
1966 Medicine Peyton Rous, Charles B. Huggins   n/a 
1965 Literature Mikhail Sholokhov   n/a 
1965 Physics Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman   n/a 
1965 Chemistry Robert B. Woodward   n/a 
1965 Peace United Nations Children's Fund   n/a 
1965 Medicine Fran   click here 
1964 Literature Jean-Paul Sartre   click here 
1964 Physics Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov   n/a 
1964 Chemistry Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin   n/a 
1964 Peace Martin Luther King   n/a 
1964 Medicine Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen   n/a 
1963 Literature Giorgos Seferis   n/a 
1963 Physics Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen   n/a 
1963 Chemistry Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta   n/a 
1963 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross, League of Red Cross Societies   n/a 
1963 Medicine Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley   n/a 
1962 Literature John Steinbeck   click here 
1962 Physics Lev Landau   n/a 
1962 Chemistry Max F. Perutz, John C. Kendrew   n/a 
1962 Peace Linus Pauling   n/a 
1962 Medicine Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins   n/a 
1961 Medicine Georg von B   n/a 
1961 Literature Ivo Andric   n/a 
1961 Physics Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf M   n/a 
1961 Chemistry Melvin Calvin   n/a 
1961 Peace Dag Hammarskjöld   n/a 
1960 Medicine Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Brian Medawar   n/a 
1960 Literature Saint-John Perse   n/a 
1960 Physics Donald A. Glaser   n/a 
1960 Chemistry Willard F. Libby   n/a 
1960 Peace Albert Lutuli   n/a 
1959 Medicine Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg   n/a 
1959 Literature Salvatore Quasimodo   n/a 
1959 Physics Emilio Segr   n/a 
1959 Chemistry Jaroslav Heyrovsky   n/a 
1959 Peace Philip Noel-Baker   n/a 
1958 Medicine George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg   n/a 
1958 Literature Boris Pasternak   n/a 
1958 Physics Pavel A. Cherenkov, Il´ja M. Frank, Igor Y. Tamm   n/a 
1958 Chemistry Frederick Sanger   n/a 
1958 Peace Georges Pire   n/a 
1957 Medicine Daniel Bovet   n/a 
1957 Literature Albert Camus   n/a 
1957 Physics Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee   n/a 
1957 Chemistry Lord Todd   n/a 
1957 Peace Lester Bowles Pearson   n/a 
1956 Medicine Andr   n/a 
1956 Literature Juan Ramón Jiménez   n/a 
1956 Physics William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain   n/a 
1956 Chemistry Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolay Semenov   n/a 
1955 Medicine Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell   n/a 
1955 Literature Halldór Laxness   n/a 
1955 Physics Willis E. Lamb, Polykarp Kusch   n/a 
1955 Chemistry Vincent du Vigneaud   n/a 
1954 Medicine John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins   n/a 
1954 Literature Ernest Hemingway   click here 
1954 Physics Max Born, Walther Bothe   n/a 
1954 Chemistry Linus Pauling   n/a 
1954 Peace Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees   n/a 
1953 Medicine Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann   n/a 
1953 Literature Winston Churchill